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  1. Date of Independence: December 16, 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
  2. Date of Current Constitution: August 30, 1995
  3. Population: 16,824,825 (1999 est.)
  4. Area: 1,049,200 sq. mi.
  5. Capital: Astana
  6. Form of Government: republic
  7. Natural Resources: oil, iron ore, coal, manganese, copper, nickel, cobalt, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium
  8. Main Industries: steel production, mining, machinery, construction materials
  9. Agriculture: wheat, cotton, wool, livestock
  10. Currency: tenge
  11. GDP: $52.9 billion (1998 est.)
  12. GDP per Capita: $3,100 (1998 est.)
  13. Languages: Kazakh, Russian, Ukrainian, German, Uzbek, Tatar
  14. Religions: Islam, Christianity (Russian Orthodoxy, Protestant denominations)
  15. Literacy Rate: 98%
  16. Life Expectancy:    58 years (male)
  17.                 69 years (female)
  18. Birthrate: 17 per 1,000 population
  19. Death Rate: 10 per 1,000 population